The idea of holistic ‘whole ecosystem’ properties and measures has a long history in ecology 1. However, research into the ability of ecosystems to simultaneously provide multiple ecosystem functions ...

Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change have been explored in many regions worldwide. While continued drying and warming may alter process rates and deteriorate the state and performance ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Ecosystems are composed of the plants, animals, people, and other living things that ...

Around the world, rainforests are becoming savanna or farmland, savanna is drying out and turning into desert, and icy tundra is thawing. Indeed, scientific studies have now recorded "regime shifts" ...

A food web is a detailed interconnecting diagram that shows the overall food relationships between organisms in a particular environment. The simplest explanation is that food webs are "who eats whom" ...